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基于matplotlib库下animation、pyplot功能进行的一个生态的模拟程序，参考了一些网上可视化的教程和生态模拟的参数。在本程序中由4种东西构成生态系统，草、草食动物、肉食动物、空地，使用了搜索的算法、random函数来模拟动物进食关系，以及动物的捕食动向，最后通过times间隔每秒展示出animation动态图的画面。

import matplotlibimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.animation as animationimport numpy as npdef addGrass(_num):    for i in range(_num):        x = np.random.randint(0, size)        y = np.random.randint(0, size)        while grid[x][y] != 0:            x = np.random.randint(0, size)            y = np.random.randint(0, size)        grid[x][y] = 1  # 1代表草def addGrassEater(_num):    for i in range(_num):        x = np.random.randint(0, size)        y = np.random.randint(0, size)        while grid[x][y] != 0:            x = np.random.randint(0, size)            y = np.random.randint(0, size)        grid[x][y] = 2  # 2代表食草动物def addMeatEater(_num):    for i in range(_num):        x = np.random.randint(0, size)        y = np.random.randint(0, size)        while grid[x][y] != 0 or growAround(x, y, 2) == [-1, -1]:            x = np.random.randint(0, size)            y = np.random.randint(0, size)        grid[x][y] = 3  # 3代表食肉动物def growAround(_x, _y, _id):    field = []    if _x-1 < 0:        x_begin = 0    else:        x_begin = _x-1    if _y-1 < 0:        y_begin = 0    else:        y_begin = _y-1    if _x+1 > size-1:        x_end = size-1    else:        x_end = _x+1    if _y+1 > size-1:        y_end = size-1    else:        y_end = _y+1    for i in range(x_begin, x_end+1):        for j in range(y_begin, y_end+1):            if grid[i][j] == _id or grid[i][j] == _id*10:  # 2代表食草动物，1代表草，0代表空地                field += [[i, j]]    if len(field) == 0:  # 没有食物或者空地        return [-1, -1]    else:        count = np.random.randint(0, len(field))        return field[count]def fieldUpdate():    for i in range(size):        for j in range(size):            if grid[i][j] == 30:                grid[i][j] = 3            elif grid[i][j] == 20:                grid[i][j] = 2            elif grid[i][j] == 10:                grid[i][j] = 1def data_gen():    for count in range(times):        timesText.set_text('times: %d' % (count+1))        for i in range(size):            for j in range(size):                if grid[i][j] == 3:                    place = growAround(i, j, 2)                    if place == [-1, -1]:                        grid[i][j] = 0  # 食肉动物死亡                    else:                        grid[i][j] = 0                        grid[place[0]][place[1]] = 30  # 食肉动物进食并移动                        growth = growAround(i, j, 0)                        if growth != [-1, -1]:                            grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 30  # 食肉动物繁殖                if grid[i][j] == 2:                    place = growAround(i, j, 1)                    if place == [-1, -1]:                        grid[i][j] = 0  # 食草动物死亡                    else:                        grid[i][j] = 0                        grid[place[0]][place[1]] = 20  # 食草动物进食并移动                        growth = growAround(i, j, 0)                        if growth != [-1, -1]:                            grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 20  # 食草动物繁殖                elif grid[i][j] == 1:                    growth = growAround(i, j, 0)                    if growth != [-1, -1]:                        grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 10  # 草生长        fieldUpdate()               yield griddef update(_data):    ax.imshow(_data, interpolation='nearest', cmap='Set3', norm=norm)    return axtimes = 100  # 迭代次数size = 40grid = np.zeros((size, size))  # 0代表空地addGrass(1200)addGrassEater(150)addMeatEater(30)fig = plt.figure()ax = plt.subplot(111)norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=3)  # 固定数值对应的颜色映射gci = ax.imshow(grid, interpolation='nearest', cmap='Set3', norm=norm)ax.set_xticks([])ax.set_yticks([])cbar = plt.colorbar(gci)cbar.set_ticks(np.linspace(0, 3, 4))cbar.set_ticklabels(('Space', 'Grass', 'GrassEater', 'MeatEater'))timesText = plt.text(-2, -2, 'times: 0') ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, data_gen, interval=1000, repeat=False)plt.show()

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